Oslo - attentat : Quand l' OTAN et les EU visaient Jens Stoltenberg et le Parti Travailliste

Tant le modus operandi que les cibles et le timing laissent penser que l'attentat commis hier à Oslo ne relève pas de l'attentat terroriste [ Islamiste ] sui generis mais bien de l'attentat politique et même de l'assassinat politique - de tentative - avec pour cibles le Premier Ministre Jens Stoltenberg et le Parti Travailliste -Arbeiderpartiet . Cet attentat a été commis avec la volonté évidente de minimiser les dégats collatéraux à ces deux cibles , en particulier en choisissant une période de la semaine ou l'espace urbain autour des bâtiments gouvernementaux était quasi-désert tandis que la fusillade sur l'île d' Utøya ne pouvait que frapper des militants du Parti Travailliste ou des sympathisants puisque celle-ci est la propriété d'une assocaition de jeunes travailleurs lièe au Parti Travailliste . On est en effet bien loin de la stratégie du " terrorisme international " [ Islamiste ] qui vise à frapper de manière anonyme les foules afin que celles-ci se retournent contre leurs chefs politiques . Les moyens déployés lors de cet attentat politique , la simultanéité des attaques montrent que qu'il n' a pas pu être commis par un groupe inexpérimenté - et à fortirio par un marginal ou un loup solitaire - mais par des personnes au fait des techniques des explosifs et des actions de commandos . Ces attentats ont béneficié d'une sérieuse préparation tant sur le plan du renseignement - Jens Stoltenbeg se trouvait bien a proximité de l'explosion et son bureau a été détruit - que de la logistique .

En partant de l'hypothèse de l'attentat politique dans un état Scandinave , on pense immédiatement à celui qui a visé Olof Palme le 18 février 1986 . À la fois pragmatique et homme de conviction ,Olof Palme mena une politique internationale courageuse pour certains ,risquée pour d'autres [ notamment contre la guerre du Viet-Nam , l'apartheid et la prolifération des armes nucléaires ] . Il provoqua la rupture des relations diplomatiques entre la Suède et les États-Unis pour avoir participé personnellement, en tant que ministre, à une manifestation d'opposants à la guerre du Viêt-Nam. Durant la crise des missiles , il prit fermement position contre le déploiement des missiles Pershing américains en Europe, ce qui le rapprochait de l'URSS .

Or si l'on prend tant les prises de position en matière de politique internationale que les personnalités , Olof Palme et Jens Stoltenberg , le Parti Travailliste et le Parti Social Démocrate présentent des similarités beaucoup plus grandes qu'il n' y paraît . Bien sûr , la principale différence entre la Norvège et la Suède est que la première est un des piliers de l'OTAN tandis que la seconde ne fait pas partie de l' Alliance .Mais une politique étrangère pro-active et indépendante sur plusieurs dossiers semble avoir provoqué des irritations du côté de la diplomatie Etasunienne et Atlantiste .

Cette grille permet non pas de désigner les coupables ou les commanditaires mais permet de s'affranchir de la traditionelle " analyse " - Norvége - Islam - Afghanistan - Libye aussitôt mise en avant par les " experts " aprés l'annonce de l'attentat . J'ai donc choisi la grille Norvège - Russie - Defense anti missile - OTAN et j'ai utilisé les cablegates en provenance de l'ambassade d' Oslo .

1- Il est reproché à Jens Stoltenberg , au Parti Travailliste et à la MD Anne-Grete Strom-Erichsen de s'opposer au projet de bouclier anti-missiles tout comme Olof Palme s'était opposé au déploiement des missiles Pershing .

ID	08OSLO72
SUBJECT	NORWAY STANDING ALONE AGAINST MISSILE DEFENSE
DATE	2008-02-12 09:02:001. (C) Summary: Norway remains opposed to U.S. plans for missile defenses and was the only NATO ally to publicly express skepticism over these plans during the recent Defense Ministerial in Vilnius. Defense Minister Anne-Grete Strom-Erichsen told the media that Norway doubts the need for missile defense and believes it could lead to an arms race. Responding to Ambassador Whitneys observation that it is unusual for Norway to block consensus in NATO, Strom-Erichsen stated that the GON has not yet decided on its approach to this issue (including whether to use its veto) at the Foreign Ministerial or the NATO summit in Bucharest. In a February 11 meeting with Ambassador Whitney, MFA State Secretary Raymond Johansen said that the GON is constrained on this issue but wants to frame the issue in such a way that they can keep from having to block it in NATO. The USG should point out that GON persistant and public support for Russias line on missile defense is troubling even if Norway eventually allows U.S. and NATO goals. End Summary Alone in NATO: Public Opposition to Missile Defense --------------------------------------------- --------------- ¶2. (SBU) The Norwegian Defense Minister, Anne-Grete Strom-Erichsen, was the only Defense Minister to publicly oppose the U.S. plans for missile defenses against long-range missiles during the Vilnius Defense Ministerial. Repeating oft stated doubts over the threat and claiming that this system would create an arms race, Strom-Erichsen appeared surprised that the GON was alone in this public skepticism. ¶3. (SBU) Missile defense has been a hot issue for the GON, primarily because of the Socialist Lefts (SV) presence in the governing coalition. SV succeeded in inserting a commitment to oppose missile defense plans in the coalitions government platform (the Soria Moria document). Reluctant to break this commitment (and risk splitting the coalition) and generally skeptical of U.S. policies and goals (reftel A), the GON has been vocally opposed to missile defense plans, despite strong USG efforts to present information on the threat and the system, including visits by Ambassador Nuland, General Obering, journalist tours, and extensive outreach by Ambassador Whitney and other embassy officials ¶8. (C) Ref A noted the need to counter negative trends in bilateral relations. Missile defense is a good place for us to continue to stress the potential cost of Norways policies. Even if Norway eventually accomodates U.S. and NATO priorities on missile defense, the long, public campaign parroting Russias arguments has been damaging, something increasingly noted in Norway and the U.S 2 - Il est reproché à Jens Stoltenberg de favoriser une politique de rapprochement avec la Russie qui prend trop en compte les interets Norvégiens face à ceux de l' Alliance . De la même manière on avait reproché à Olof Palme sa proximité avec l' URSS .

ID	07OSLO658
SUBJECT	PM STOLTENBERG´S RUSSIA TRIP: GRADUAL GAINS IN THE
DATE	2007-06-18 11:39:001. (SBU) Prime Minister Jens STOLTENBERG,s June 7-10 visit to Russia produced progress on Norwegian priorities in the Barents region. Despite some controversial statements on missile defense and some public criticism of Russia,s human rights record, STOLTENBERG,s visit was primarily characterized by some successes for Norway,s High North priorities, including resolution of a small part of Norway,s disputed sea-border with Russia and new Russian commitments on safety and economic development of the Barents Sea region. This result will likely encourage the government to continue Norway,s enthusiastically positive approach to Russia, downplaying tensions over security matters within NATO and other negative aspects.4. (C) Perhaps the most controversy of the visit was generated by a quote on missile defense STOLTENBERG made while in Murmansk. STOLTENBERG called on the U.S. and Russia to discuss missile defense, and said it was important for both sides to reduce harsh rhetoric and to avoid a new arms race. He continued to say that Norway has all along been skeptical of missile defense plans and would not allow missile defenses in Norway. Russian suspicions of the Vardoe radar site in northern Norway and false complaints about its supposed use in U.S. missile defense plans were a staple of past meetings of Norwegian and Russian leaders and continue to be a sub theme of Russian complaints about U.S. missile defense plans at NATO. However, during this visit the radar was not directly raised by either side. And Gets Criticized ------------------ ¶5. (U) Norwegian media reaction to STOLTENBERG,s statement was critical, with editorials in Norway,s largest paper castigating STOLTENBERG for expressing his criticism of U.S. missile defense plans while in Russia, while not even mentioning Putin,s strong threats against NATO. The paper stated that the PM,s criticism of the U.S. on such a sensitive issue, without any balancing criticism of Russia, creates an impression of Norwegian servility towards Russia and shows that Norway is intimidated. The paper called for the PM to speak out against Putin,s harsh rhetoric, and make clear that Russia does not have veto power over missile defense plans in NATO countries. The editorial also stated that U.S. plans are no threat to Russia and that if the PM needs to criticize missile defense because of internal governmental reasons he should do so in another place than Russia. The Prime Minister,s office and the MFA have claimed that the PM,s comments reported in international media were taken out of context and that he intended to promote dialogue and make clear that Norway would not be used for any missile defense systems. See ref a for more the GON approach to Missile Defense. Likely Results: Confirmation of Norways Current Russia Policy --------------------------------------------- ------------- ¶6. (C) In a summary to the press before he returned to Norway, STOLTENBERG highlighted his satisfaction with reaching an agreement over the border in Varangerfjord. He also called for more frequent contacts with Russian leadership and invited President Putin to Norway. The border agreement, Statoil,s meeting with Putin and the positive developments on nuclear safety in the Barents were all key successes for Norway,s High North priorities. These successful results will likely encourage the GON,s natural inclination to avoid criticism of Russia and to stress their interest in co-operative projects in the North. This does not mean that the GON is unaware or unconcerned about the developments in Russia. We hear frequent private expressions of concern from lower-level members of the Defense Department and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs over Russia,s new aggressiveness and Russia is a topic which will continue to generate media and public interest. However, the GON appears determined to continue its course of downplaying disagreements in order to focus on its goal of close cooperation with Russia in the Barents region and make progress in its high priority High North policy. Elite opinion, including in the MFA, also includes sympathy for the worn argument that Russian misdeeds are often reactions to mistakes by the west, and in particular the U.S. Whitney. ID 09OSLO399 SUBJECT DATE 2009-06-18 07:44:00 RUSSIA: Public Positivism and a Focus on the Bilateral --------------------------------------------- --------- ¶3. (C) The GONs official RUSSIA policy has been characterized by a consistent stress on the positive and a reluctance to publicly criticize RUSSIA actions (the Georgia war was one exception but the GON shows little public solidarity when RUSSIA pressures the Baltics, Poland or other allies). Norway has chosen to prioritize the bilateral aspects of its relations to RUSSIA, working to achieve greater cooperation in the Barents, defending its interests in a quiet manner and stressing the benefits of greater RUSSIAn integration into the European economic and political regimes. The GON works to maintain steady and positive contacts with RUSSIA as evidenced by the recent meetings of PM STOLTENBERG with President Medvedev and PM Putin, FM Stoeres meetings with FM Lavrov and other meetings between Ministers of Energy and Industry. (Reftel A and D) ¶4. (C) As a member of the wider European community, Norway has been much more passive, at times criticizing RUSSIAn actions, but primarily arguing for dialogue and inclusion. Norways focus on the bilateral relationship has resulted in cooperative and well-functioning relationships in environmental cleanup, nuclear safety, fisheries management and people-to-people exchanges. It also has led to a greater potential for cooperation in the development of energy resources in the Barents (StatoilHydros share of the Shtockman Development Company is the prime example). ¶5. (C) These achievements impact the wider relationship as the GON does not want to throw away the hard earned progress in bilateral relations (or damage the potential future cooperation on energy development or agreement on a maritime border) for events elsewhere. GON priorities were illustrated by a recent meeting between the Deputy Foreign Minister and a high-ranking USG official. When speaking about RUSSIA the Deputy Minister choose to focus on a recently concluded fishing agreement with RUSSIA, ignoring any other wider concerns.Comment ------- ¶13. (C) Norway has succeeded in creating a low tension relationship with RUSSIA with real and functioning cooperative agreements in the Barents. This is positive but it is unclear that this is a result of GON policy or simply of RUSSIAn disinterest. Some are wondering if this is worth the price of GON reluctance to show solidarity when RUSSIA pushes allies or other states. Despite GON claims that other nations should follow their lead, it appears to us that Norways relationship is unique and a model RUSSIA might favor, but not other allies. ¶14. (C) Norways underlying concerns over RUSSIA will however continue to be an important piece of the continued close U.S.-Norway bilateral relationship. Close intelligence and military connections have continued despite the end of the cold war, and Norway had maintained its RUSSIAn expertise when others scaled back. Norways desire for increased attention to the High North is a healthy impulse and one which should compliment increasing U.S. interest in the Arctic. Norway has expressed a desire to re-start the dormant U.S.-Norway High North talks and discussing ways to combine our RUSSIAn expertise may be a topic of mutual interest for this initiative. Norway strongly supports U.S. determination to increase engagement with RUSSIA and "reset" the relationship. We should ask Norway to also support the firm U.S. and NATO positions on RUSSIA when necessary, rather than relying on others to do so 3 - Cette politique indépendante , le gouvernement Norvégien l' a aussi developpé au Proche-Orient en s'opposant à la politique belliciste de l'Entité Sioniste aka " Israël " . De la même manière que les brutales attaques contre le Liban et Gazza ont contribué à la détestation du Sionisme en Norvège , les massacres de Sabra et Chatila ont provoqué la detestation de ce Sionisme dans la Suède d' Olof Palme . En 2006, une crise diplomatique a éclaté entre les deux pays suite aux propos tenus par l'ambassadrice d'Israël. En juin 2010, la Norvège a exigé une enquête internationale sur l'abordage par Israël de la flotille turque. En aout 2010, la Norvège se désengage de deux investissements israéliens jugeant ces sociétés moralement condamnables. En octobre 2010, la Norvège a interdit des exercices de submersibles israéliens, construits en Allemagne, dans ses eaux territoriales . Jonas Gahr Stoere, le ministre des Affaires étrangères norvégien, a déclaré, pour l'occasion, que la Norvège n'exportait pas de «matériel ou de services dans le domaine de la défense vers des pays où la guerre menace». En 2007 la Norvége a reconnu le Hamas Le Gouvernement Norvégien vient de se pronnoncer en faveur de l'admission de la Palestine à l' ONU . ID 09OSLO739 SUBJECT SCENESETTER FOR YOUR VISIT TO OSLO DATE 2009-11-30 15:25:00 Mid-East Peace Process ---------------------- ¶9. (S) During the Oslo Peace Process of the 1990s, NORWAY hosted Israeli-Palestinian peace talks, and the Nobel Committee awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1994 to Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres, and Yitzhak Rabin. Tragically, Rabin was assassinated a year later by a figure opposed to his peace overtures. Subsequently, NORWAY has played a diminishing, often independent, and sometimes unhelpful role in the Middle East. NORWAY strongly believes it should engage everyone, including HAMAS, which it has not designated as a terrorist organization, unlike the United States and the European Union. In a break with the international Quartet, NORWAY recognized the HAMAS-Fatah Unity Government in 2007. NORWAY more helpfully serves as a highly effective Co-Chair of the Ad-Hoc Liaison Committee (AHLC), the main international donor group for coordinating economic assistance to the Palestinian Authority, and works to keep AHLC activities in concert with the political track of negotiations led by the U.S. NORWAY's relations with Israel have been strained in recent years due to its contact with HAMAS, Norwegian disapproval of Israeli actions during the fighting in Gaza last winter, and periodic, privately-led boycott campaigns against Israeli businesses and universities. The Norwegian Government fully supports your intensive efforts to restart direct Israeli-Palestinian negotiations. Norwegian and Israeli officials told us this fall that NORWAY has now initiated steps to improve the bilateral relationship with Israel, including through scientific or other exchanges and other activities. In early November, the government publicly condemned a private effort at a university in Trondheim to boycott Israeli academics, defining the effort as contrary to academic freedom. The university's board ultimately unanimously rejected the boycott proposal a few days later on November 12. 4- Il est reproché à Jens Stoltenberg d'avoir fait une alliance avec un parti " Anti-OTAN " , la Gauche Socialiste ( SV ) . ID 07OSLO1161 SUBJECT NORWAY'S DEFENSE POLICY AT A CROSSROADS: CLARITY DATE 2007-12-18 13:17:00 What? Soldiers Actually Shoot? -------------------------------- ¶2. (SBU) Background to this debate includes a government which rhetorically affirms NATO as NORWAY,s primary security provider but which is at heart skeptical of the use of military power in all but the most benign ways, tempted by the idea of closer Nordic defense cooperation and includes an ANTI-NATO party, the Socialist Left (SV) as a member of the governing coalition. The vigorous internal governmental debate over NORWAY,s contributions to ISAF, as well as repeated public negative comments concerning NATO and U.S. missile defense plans are illustrative of the general impulse of this government (see reftels for details). Conclusion: Looking for Security and Ideological Comfort --------------------------------------- ¶15. (C) Comment: FM Stoere realizes the need for continued close security ties to NATO and the U.S. but at the same time is uncomfortable with the direction of U.S. and NATO security policy. His evolving public comments indicate the GON is not looking to replace NATO but seeks additional partners in security which are a better ideological match with the GON and can balance the U.S. heavy NATO alliance. One example is NORWAY's increased defense ties with the EU and its participation in the EU Nordic Battle Group, despite being a non-EU member. Cooperation with Sweden and Finland offers both the possibility of savings on equipment purchases and the chance to work with likeminded nations who prioritize UN involvement, favor peacekeeping over peacemaking and who are concerned about Russia. Stoere's coalition partners from SV, of course, are unabashedly ANTI-NATO and anti-defense. Implications for U.S. Policy ------------------------ ¶16. (C) The decisions made by the GON on the Defense Studies, recommendations on funding, the purchase of new aircraft and on its relations to its neighbors will have a significant impact on NORWAY,s ability and desire to meet NATO commitments and spark a reassessment of NORWAY's defense policies. We expect NORWAY's move toward Nordic cooperation and preference for UN mandated peacekeeping missions to remain, even if the current government does not win the 2009 election. This tend combined with a general antipathy to missile defense, efforts to ban cluster munitions, focus on disarmament instead of non-proliferation and reluctance to use its vast energy wealth to fund defense spending open questions regarding NORWAY's commitment to be a serious and dependable ally. Thus, despite continued close and productive military to military relations, the GON,s actions and long-term trends bear watching in NATO and bilaterally. In this atmosphere it is more vital than ever that we speak and act clearly and at senior levels when NORWAY is an outlier on key issues. Eager to act more independently but loathe to be seen as weakening trans-Atlantic ties, the GON will listen and respond when confronted. Assuming generally common interests and policies, however, would be a mistake. This is not the NORWAY many remember, and failing to make 4- rechercherchait- on un successeur à Jens Stoltenberg au sein du Parti Travailliste ? Un Carl Bildt Norvégien ? ID 08OSLO406 SUBJECT NORWAY'S DEPUTY MINISTER OF DEFENSE, ESPEN BARTH EIDE, POWER IN NORWAY'S MOD AND RISING STAR IN THE LABOR PARTY DATE 2008-07-21 09:09:00 1. (C) Summary. Ministry of Defense State Secretary, Espen Barth Eide is one of the more powerful politicians in the current GON despite his deputy minister portfolio. His ties to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, think tanks, NGOs and the UN as well as his influential current position likely will result in either a ministerial position in a future Labor government or a high ranking UN or EU position. Barth Eide is particularly interested in UN peacekeeping operations and may be interested in a future UN position. End Summary. --Power Behind the Throne-- ¶2. (C) Ideologically on the more conservative side of the Labor Party, Barth Eide is one of the most experienced and influential government figures. After the 2005 national election many observers thought that PM Jens STOLTENBERG meant to appoint Barth Eide as a State Secretary in the MFA, but after being forced to appoint a weak defense minister, STOLTENBERG moved Barth Eide to the MOD. Barth Eide is regarded as the force which steers the defense ministry and is an eloquent and knowledgeable speaker and writer on defense and security matters. He is often quoted in the press, more so than the Defense Minister, Anne-Grete Strom-Erichsen. Strom-Erichsen was appointed minister without any background in defense matters and has relied on Barth Eide to be her subject matter and policy expert while she deals with political issues. Barth Eide has wide leeway in determining what areas to focus on and is self-confident in determining priorities. --Past Positions-- ¶3. (C) His current position as deputy minister (or state secretary in the Norwegian term) is the second time he has held that rank. The first was in the MFA from 2000-2001 under then Foreign Minister Thorbjorn Jagland (now President of Parliament). Interspersed between government posts, Barth Eide led the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) 2002-2005, focusing on UN issues and peacekeeping, particularly the Balkans. He also has been a long time supporter of Norwegian membership in the EU, acting as the general secretary for the European Movement from 1991-1993, prior to the failed 1994 referendum on EU membership in Norway. Barth Eide has also been involved in several UN projects, serving as a senior consultant on the UN reform process and on the UN Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change from 2003-2004. Barth Eide has been co-editor of the London Based journal International Peacekeeping and was nominated a "Global Leader of Tomorrow" by the World Economic Forum in 2003. --Interactions with the USG-- ¶4. (C) In his relations with the Embassy, Barth Eide has been difficult to characterize. Barth Eide is a skilled and subtle interagency player who is largely pro-U.S. but should not be trusted to reliably uphold U.S. interests. On several important issues Barth Eide has been helpful, such as missile defense (where he helped prevent a Norwegian veto of NATO plans), the sale of land to the USG for construction of a new embassy building (intervening on touchy real estate issues affecting the U.S. purchase of land for the new embassy) and pushing for Norwegian deployments to Afghanistan. On other issues, such as the decision process on the purchase of new fighter aircraft and the Norwegian approach on cluster munitions, he has hedged his bets. Barth Eide has avoided the gratuitous negative comments about the Bush Administration that other GON figures have made. Barth Eide also takes pains to stress NATO as the cornerstone of GON security policy and the importance of the Norwegian-U.S. relationship. He has given the Embassy good advice on how to approach the GON on several occasions. However, some very senior U.S. officials have felt that he has been hard to pin down on several issues of concern and characterized Barth Eide as "weasily". Senior Norwegian officials, with strong pro-U.S. instincts, have also told the Embassy in private that Barth Eide is not to be relied upon to promote U.S. priorities. One key test of Barth Eide's inclinations will be the MOD recommendation on which fighter plane to purchase, the Joint Strike Fighter or the Saab Gripen. http://zebrastationpolaire.over-blog.com/article-oslo-attentat-quand-l-otan-visait-jens-stoltenberg-et-le-parti-travailliste-80014338.html